FTC writes:
23.19 Misuse of the word "pearl."
(a) It is unfair or deceptive to use the unqualified word "pearl" or any other word or phrase of like meaning to describe, identify, or refer to any object or product that is not in fact a pearl, as defined in 23.18(a).
(b) It is unfair or deceptive to use the word "pearl" to describe, identify, or refer to a cultured pearl unless it is immediately preceded, with equal conspicuousness, by the word "cultured" or "cultivated," or by some other word or phrase of like meaning, so as to indicate definitely and clearly that the product is not a pearl.
(c) It is unfair or deceptive to use the word "pearl" to describe, identify, or refer to an imitation pearl unless it is immediately preceded, with equal conspicuousness, by the word "artificial," "imitation," or "simulated," or by some other word or phrase of like meaning, so as to indicate definitely and clearly that the product is not a pearl.
(d) It is unfair or deceptive to use the terms "faux pearl," "fashion pearl," "Mother of Pearl," or any other such term to describe or qualify an imitation pearl product unless it is immediately preceded, with equal conspicuousness, by the word "artificial," "imitation," or "simulated," or by some other word or phrase of like meaning, so as to indicate definitely and clearly that the product is not a pearl.
More info @ http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/guides/jewel-gd.htm
Tuesday, February 13, 2007
Travels In India
By Jean Baptiste Tavernier
Baron of Aubonne
Translated from the original French edition of 1676 with a biographical sketch of the Author, Notes, and Appendices, &c.
By V Ball
Edited by William Crooke
Oriental Books Reprint Corporation, New Delhi, India
1977
Oriental Books Reprint Corporation writes:
Jean Baptiste Tavernier’s Travels in India contains the details of his journeys that he undertook traversing the greater part of this country. Rightly considered as one of the most renowned travelers of the seventeenth century, his Travels, like those of other European travelers, are in important source book for the history of India of the seventeenth century.
An avid traveler, Tavernier undertook seven voyages to the East of which six brought him to India including Ceylon and South East Asia between the years 1641 and 1667 and is thus an important source material for the history of Mughal India and Deccan Sultanates. A jeweler by profession, he also undertook journeys to various mines and other sources of precious stones.
The present volume of Tavernier’s Travels In India has been translated by Valentine Ball and the present edition has been edited by William Crooke.
A detailed life sketch of Tavernier apart, this edition also contains a detailed Bibliography, Notes on Tavernier’s History and Geography, six Appendices in which are respectively discussed the Koh-i-nur, list of diamond mines in India, the diamond mines of Bengal, the diamond mines of Boraeo, the ruby mines of Burma and the Sapphire of Washings of Ceylon and two early works by foreign travelers, and a detailed Index and Glossary.
An important source book, Travels in India is an indispensable work for all those interested in various facets of life during the times of the Mughals.
Baron of Aubonne
Translated from the original French edition of 1676 with a biographical sketch of the Author, Notes, and Appendices, &c.
By V Ball
Edited by William Crooke
Oriental Books Reprint Corporation, New Delhi, India
1977
Oriental Books Reprint Corporation writes:
Jean Baptiste Tavernier’s Travels in India contains the details of his journeys that he undertook traversing the greater part of this country. Rightly considered as one of the most renowned travelers of the seventeenth century, his Travels, like those of other European travelers, are in important source book for the history of India of the seventeenth century.
An avid traveler, Tavernier undertook seven voyages to the East of which six brought him to India including Ceylon and South East Asia between the years 1641 and 1667 and is thus an important source material for the history of Mughal India and Deccan Sultanates. A jeweler by profession, he also undertook journeys to various mines and other sources of precious stones.
The present volume of Tavernier’s Travels In India has been translated by Valentine Ball and the present edition has been edited by William Crooke.
A detailed life sketch of Tavernier apart, this edition also contains a detailed Bibliography, Notes on Tavernier’s History and Geography, six Appendices in which are respectively discussed the Koh-i-nur, list of diamond mines in India, the diamond mines of Bengal, the diamond mines of Boraeo, the ruby mines of Burma and the Sapphire of Washings of Ceylon and two early works by foreign travelers, and a detailed Index and Glossary.
An important source book, Travels in India is an indispensable work for all those interested in various facets of life during the times of the Mughals.
Monday, February 12, 2007
On Investing
Robert Klein (comedian) writes:
"In the book of things people more often do wrong than right, investing must certainly top the list, followed closely by wallpapering and eating artichokes."
"In the book of things people more often do wrong than right, investing must certainly top the list, followed closely by wallpapering and eating artichokes."
The Apartment Movie
A memorable quote from the movie:
C.C. Baxter (Jack Lemmon): On November 1st, 1959, the population of New York City was 8,042,783. If you laid all these people end to end, figuring an average height of five feet six and a half inches, they would reach from Times Square to the outskirts of Karachi, Pakistan. I know facts like this because I work for an insurance company - Consolidated Life of New York. We're one of the top five companies in the country. Our home office has 31,259 employees, which is more than the entire population of uhh... Natchez, Mississippi. I work on the 19th floor. Ordinary Policy Department, Premium Accounting Division, Section W, desk number 861.
C.C. Baxter (Jack Lemmon): On November 1st, 1959, the population of New York City was 8,042,783. If you laid all these people end to end, figuring an average height of five feet six and a half inches, they would reach from Times Square to the outskirts of Karachi, Pakistan. I know facts like this because I work for an insurance company - Consolidated Life of New York. We're one of the top five companies in the country. Our home office has 31,259 employees, which is more than the entire population of uhh... Natchez, Mississippi. I work on the 19th floor. Ordinary Policy Department, Premium Accounting Division, Section W, desk number 861.
Chameleon Diamonds
What is Chameleon diamond?
Sometimes colored gemstones tend to show certain phenomenal effects when properly cut. Well informed buyers are familiar with the phenomenal effects in corundum (stars), chrysoberyl (cat's eye), alexandrite (color change), opal (play of color), sunstone (aventurescence), labradorite (labradorescence), moonstone (schiller) and aventurine quartz (aventurescence). The optical effects are due to inclusions, reflection, twinning, selective absorption or diffraction.
But there is an unusual phenomenon in diamond known in the trade as ‘chameleons’. In nature, chameleons are large lizards that are well-known for their ability to change their body color, a unique physical and physiological condition due to their mood, light and temperature, where the skin color plays an important role in adapting to the surroundings, communication among the species or rivalry fights. You may see a similar chameleon-like phenomenon in natural green diamond. The suitable natural green (grayish yellow green) diamonds react to heat and change color temporarily, becoming yellow (greenish orangish yellow), and then reverts to its stable color. When you have a large stone with the unique phenomenon, the color shift becomes easier to perceive and describe, especially if you have a comparison stone. Chameleon-like diamonds are perceived to be one of the great mysteries of the diamond world. There are various
interpretations by gem experts on the cause and effect, and most specimens are sold with lab reports. Overall it is still not known as to why these diamonds change from deep green to yellow when heated or left in darkness.
The chameleon-like diamonds are rare, and not well understood by the public, dealers and jewelers due to lack of awareness or education. One has to wonder how many chameleon-like diamonds may have slipped through a dealer’s hand due to lack of knowledge. How many jewelers have ever seen a chameleon-like diamond? Very few. Collectors who are familiar with the chameleon-like effect in diamonds often pay high premiums for large stones at international auctions. Because of its celebrity status and stunning look, imaginative designers have recognized the potential by designing chameleon-like diamonds in one-of-a-kind jewelry to create a masterpiece.
Australia’s Argyle diamond mine, famous for its fancy color diamonds also produces chameleon-like diamonds. The stones are recognized by their blue violet gray or gray yellow green color. One interpretation by the experts is that the color may be due to high hydrogen content. Experiments have been conducted in the laboratory by heating and observation to study its unusual properties. The catch-22 is heating an enhanced diamond may result in permanent modification of color. Sophisticated analytical techniques with proper skills in interpreting the test results may be required to separate chameleon-like diamonds from another type of green diamond. If in doubt always consult a reputed gem testing laboratory.
Sometimes colored gemstones tend to show certain phenomenal effects when properly cut. Well informed buyers are familiar with the phenomenal effects in corundum (stars), chrysoberyl (cat's eye), alexandrite (color change), opal (play of color), sunstone (aventurescence), labradorite (labradorescence), moonstone (schiller) and aventurine quartz (aventurescence). The optical effects are due to inclusions, reflection, twinning, selective absorption or diffraction.
But there is an unusual phenomenon in diamond known in the trade as ‘chameleons’. In nature, chameleons are large lizards that are well-known for their ability to change their body color, a unique physical and physiological condition due to their mood, light and temperature, where the skin color plays an important role in adapting to the surroundings, communication among the species or rivalry fights. You may see a similar chameleon-like phenomenon in natural green diamond. The suitable natural green (grayish yellow green) diamonds react to heat and change color temporarily, becoming yellow (greenish orangish yellow), and then reverts to its stable color. When you have a large stone with the unique phenomenon, the color shift becomes easier to perceive and describe, especially if you have a comparison stone. Chameleon-like diamonds are perceived to be one of the great mysteries of the diamond world. There are various
interpretations by gem experts on the cause and effect, and most specimens are sold with lab reports. Overall it is still not known as to why these diamonds change from deep green to yellow when heated or left in darkness.
The chameleon-like diamonds are rare, and not well understood by the public, dealers and jewelers due to lack of awareness or education. One has to wonder how many chameleon-like diamonds may have slipped through a dealer’s hand due to lack of knowledge. How many jewelers have ever seen a chameleon-like diamond? Very few. Collectors who are familiar with the chameleon-like effect in diamonds often pay high premiums for large stones at international auctions. Because of its celebrity status and stunning look, imaginative designers have recognized the potential by designing chameleon-like diamonds in one-of-a-kind jewelry to create a masterpiece.
Australia’s Argyle diamond mine, famous for its fancy color diamonds also produces chameleon-like diamonds. The stones are recognized by their blue violet gray or gray yellow green color. One interpretation by the experts is that the color may be due to high hydrogen content. Experiments have been conducted in the laboratory by heating and observation to study its unusual properties. The catch-22 is heating an enhanced diamond may result in permanent modification of color. Sophisticated analytical techniques with proper skills in interpreting the test results may be required to separate chameleon-like diamonds from another type of green diamond. If in doubt always consult a reputed gem testing laboratory.
A Miner Finds 143 carat Diamond In Congo
It has been reported that Amos Maseko, a poor miner has found 143 carat diamond in a river near Banalia, 129 km north of Kisangani, in The Democratic Republic of Congo, and sold it for US$1.4 million.
Kisangani is a popular source for alluvial diamonds, where one to three carat size diamonds are usually found. Most of Congo’s diamond reserves are located in the Kasai provinces over 600 km south west of Kisangani. In addition to diamonds, The Democratic Republic of Congo is also known to have ample reserves of gold, silver copper and cobalt.
Kisangani is a popular source for alluvial diamonds, where one to three carat size diamonds are usually found. Most of Congo’s diamond reserves are located in the Kasai provinces over 600 km south west of Kisangani. In addition to diamonds, The Democratic Republic of Congo is also known to have ample reserves of gold, silver copper and cobalt.
The Federal Trade Commission’s Guide for the Jewelry, Precious Metals and Pewter Industries
FTC writes:
23.18 Definitions of various pearls.
As used in these guides, the terms set forth below have the following meanings:
(a) Pearl: A calcareous concretion consisting essentially of alternating concentric layers of carbonate of lime and organic material formed within the body of certain mollusks, the result of an abnormal secretory process caused by an irritation of the mantle of the mollusk following the intrusion of some foreign body inside the shell of the mollusk, or due to some abnormal physiological condition in the mollusk, neither of which has in any way been caused or induced by humans.
(b) Cultured Pearl: The composite product created when a nucleus (usually a sphere of calcareous mollusk shell) planted by humans inside the shell or in the mantle of a mollusk is coated with nacre by the mollusk.
(c) Imitation Pearl: A manufactured product composed of any material or materials that simulate in appearance a pearl or cultured pearl.
(d) Seed Pearl: A small pearl, as defined in (a), that measures approximately two millimeters or less.
More info @ http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/guides/jewel-gd.htm
23.18 Definitions of various pearls.
As used in these guides, the terms set forth below have the following meanings:
(a) Pearl: A calcareous concretion consisting essentially of alternating concentric layers of carbonate of lime and organic material formed within the body of certain mollusks, the result of an abnormal secretory process caused by an irritation of the mantle of the mollusk following the intrusion of some foreign body inside the shell of the mollusk, or due to some abnormal physiological condition in the mollusk, neither of which has in any way been caused or induced by humans.
(b) Cultured Pearl: The composite product created when a nucleus (usually a sphere of calcareous mollusk shell) planted by humans inside the shell or in the mantle of a mollusk is coated with nacre by the mollusk.
(c) Imitation Pearl: A manufactured product composed of any material or materials that simulate in appearance a pearl or cultured pearl.
(d) Seed Pearl: A small pearl, as defined in (a), that measures approximately two millimeters or less.
More info @ http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/guides/jewel-gd.htm
The Color Handbook
By E P Danger
Gower Technical Press
1987 ISBN 0-291-39717-4
Gower Technical Press writes:
In commercial situations, choice of color should never be simply a matter of preference. Choosing the right colors for the right applications directly affects performance in the marketplace. Color can also influence productivity.
The Color Handbook is a permanent and unique handbook for all those concerned with the marketing, selling and productivity aspects of color. There is no other source of reference which covers the same breadth of field, or which contains so much invaluable information in such a succinct form.
Author Eric P Danger draws on the experience and knowledge gained over nearly 30 years as a leading Color Research consultant. Here, in readily accessible terms, he explains the many attributes and characteristics of color, and its importance in the marketplace and the work environment. It is essential reading for those seeking a practical basis for choosing colors which will help achieve maximum sales and provide the best possible conditions in the workplace.
The Color Handbook includes a guide to color principles, color selection techniques, color usage and color trends as they apply to consumer and industrial products, graphical applications, productive and selling environments. A particularly useful section is the comprehensive Color Index, subdivided by hue and analyzed under nearly 100 different headings.
Managers who are responsible for the selection of color in selling applications will find this book extremely useful. It is also intended to help those who are concerned with choice of color as it relates to the likes and dislikes of customers and clients. Advertising agents, architects, designers, interior decorators and decorating contractors and retailers will all find much that is of value to their business within these pages.
It aims to supply answers to the questions that arise in the course of everyday work involving color, giving the user the knowledge and confidence to make the right decisions.
About the author
Eric P Danger has been an independent color research consultant since 1975. He has written numerous reports and articles for the trade and technical press on various aspects of color and marketing. He is also the author of two further titles in this field, Selecting Color for Print and Selecting Color for Packaging.
Gower Technical Press
1987 ISBN 0-291-39717-4
Gower Technical Press writes:
In commercial situations, choice of color should never be simply a matter of preference. Choosing the right colors for the right applications directly affects performance in the marketplace. Color can also influence productivity.
The Color Handbook is a permanent and unique handbook for all those concerned with the marketing, selling and productivity aspects of color. There is no other source of reference which covers the same breadth of field, or which contains so much invaluable information in such a succinct form.
Author Eric P Danger draws on the experience and knowledge gained over nearly 30 years as a leading Color Research consultant. Here, in readily accessible terms, he explains the many attributes and characteristics of color, and its importance in the marketplace and the work environment. It is essential reading for those seeking a practical basis for choosing colors which will help achieve maximum sales and provide the best possible conditions in the workplace.
The Color Handbook includes a guide to color principles, color selection techniques, color usage and color trends as they apply to consumer and industrial products, graphical applications, productive and selling environments. A particularly useful section is the comprehensive Color Index, subdivided by hue and analyzed under nearly 100 different headings.
Managers who are responsible for the selection of color in selling applications will find this book extremely useful. It is also intended to help those who are concerned with choice of color as it relates to the likes and dislikes of customers and clients. Advertising agents, architects, designers, interior decorators and decorating contractors and retailers will all find much that is of value to their business within these pages.
It aims to supply answers to the questions that arise in the course of everyday work involving color, giving the user the knowledge and confidence to make the right decisions.
About the author
Eric P Danger has been an independent color research consultant since 1975. He has written numerous reports and articles for the trade and technical press on various aspects of color and marketing. He is also the author of two further titles in this field, Selecting Color for Print and Selecting Color for Packaging.
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