Mary L. Johnson, Ph.D of GIA GTL manager of research and development writes:
Most emeralds have surface-reaching fissures, and the vast majority of fashioned emeralds have been clarity-enhanced to make those fissures less prominent. In the past five years, the question of the particular emerald filler used has come under increased scrutiny, both within the trade and by consumers.
This awareness resulted from the introduction of new emerald filling substances (with different appearances and durability concerns); it also echoes the increasing sophistication of jewelry consumers. Because of the resulting concerns and their effect on the trade, in mid 1997 GIA decided to make a major effort to study the effects of clarity enhancement in emeralds, involving scientists from GIA Research and the Gem Trade Laboratory. The first results of this study have been published in the Summer 1999 issue of Gems & Gemology.
More info @ https://www.gia.edu/newsroom/424/gia_publications_the_loupe.cfm
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