The Art Of Today

(via The Outline of Art) Frank Rutter writes:

From John S Sargent To Augustus John

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The art of today is a cosmopolitan business. Rapidity of communications and the interchange of international ideas have broken down the old frontiers of thought, so that while painters of various styles can now be found in all civilized countries, the styles throughout the world are very much alike, and it is difficult to make out a case for any distinctive national art. If it be hazardous, however, to assert that there exists at present a ‘British School’, distinct from the schools of painting in France, Spain, Italy, and other countries, it may nevertheless be said with sufficient confidence and today, in the words of Sir Robert Witt, ‘British art stands second to none in the world.’

Writing nearly fifteen years ago, the late Sir Walter Armstrong said: ‘The Pre-Raphaelite revolt is the last great movement which really belongs to the history of British Art. Those developments which have taken place since are more cosmopolitan than British. They have been moves towards assimilating our insular ideas to those of the Continent, which, in painting, means the ideas of France and Holland. Being all moves in one direction, they have had considerable similarity one with another, and it is scarcely worth while to dwell much on the differences which separate the neo-Scots school from that of Newlyn, or both from those franker disciples of Paris who have been so greatly encouraged by the genius of two Americans, Whistler and Sargent.’

Mr John Singer Sargent, R.A, who has been perhaps the greatest influence in portrait painting in our time, was himself Paris-trained. Born at Florence in 1856, the son of American parents—his father being a physician at Boston, USA—Mr Sargent was educated in Italy and Germany, studied paiting under Carolus Duran at Paris, and finally settled in England during the eighties. In his own person, therefore, Mr Sargent represented in the most marked manner the cosmopolitan experiences which go to the making of a modern painter. A word may be said here as to his master, Carolus Duran, who was born at Lille in 1837, for though this painter won the coveted Prix de Rome and spent four years in Italy, he became the leading French portrait painter of his time by reason of his later study of Velazquez in Madrid. Carolus Duran, then, was one of the pioneers who turned away the thought of his contemporaries and pupils from the Italian and Flemish to the Spanish schools of painting, and his art, like that of his still more famous pupil Mr Sargent, is largely derived from Velazquez. The English portraiture of the eighteenth century, as has already been shown, was modelled firstly on the practice of Van Dyck and secondly on that painting towards the middle of the nineteenth century, and still dominant at the present day, is based on the work of Velazquez and Goya.

While many have drawn inspiration from this common source, the results obtained from the following, in the main, the Spanish tradition, have varied considerably according to the individual temperaments of the artists. In Mr Sargent’s painting we see the irrepressible energy which we associate with Transatlantic business enterprise; he was a ‘hustler’ in paint who swept us off our feet by the amazing vivacity of his brushwork and by the almost uncanny actuality with which he set a living being before us. A vigorous draughtsman, using sweeps of paint with economic mastery, Mr Sargent developed powers of psychological penetration which made him supreme in the rendering of character. Some of his male portraits have been so merciless in their unmasking of the real minds of his sitters that they have justified the amusing but apt comment of ‘Mr Dooley’:

‘Stand there,’ he sez, ‘while I tear the ugly black heart out av ye.’

At the same time his ‘Lord Ribblesdale’ proves how noble a rendering of human dignity the artist can achieve when he is in complete sympathy with his sitter, while his brilliant group of ‘Ena and Betty Wertheimer’ is a masterpiece in which warm, living beings are presented with perfect naturalness yet with stately grandeur. The wonderful series of Wertheimer portraits, now in the National Gallery, is at once a revelation of the artist’s power in the expression of different characters and a souvenir of his long association with the astute and esteemed art dealer who, from his earliest days, stoutly affirmed his belief in the genius of Mr Sargent.

Since he first exhibited at the Paris Salon in 1879, Mr Sargent’s career was one of a steady upward progress. It was not till 1894 that he was elected an A.R.A, but before this he had exhibited with distinction both at the Academy and at the New English Art Club. His early portraits show traces of the influence of the Impressionists, but Mr Sargent’s connection with this school is less obvious in his portraits than in his landscapes and watercolors.

In watercolor Mr Sargent created a new and distinct style which had a great effect on his contemporaries. How skilfully he used it as a brilliant sketching medium may be seen in ‘The Piazzetta, Venice’. Here, like Manet, he saw ‘no lines in Nature,’ but built up a vivid impression of the scene before him by brilliant touches of color and strong contrasts of light and shade. It is a broad, vigorous style which, despite its summariness, gives a marvelous sense of actuality in the hands of a master. Though pre-eminent as a portrait painter and as a sketcher in watercolor, Mr Sargent executed notable works in a variety of styles and media. He painted important decorative works for public buildings in the United States, and he also did some scuplture, notably his ‘Crucifixion’ for the Boston Library, U.S.A, a bronze study for which may be seen in the Tate Gallery.

The Art Of Today (continued)