In the trade, gem chefs (dealers/treaters) use different types of fillers for emeralds. Ideally the fillers should be colorless and stable within the emerald, but treatments are always full of surprises. Here is list of fillers that are frequently used by gem chefs to improve color or clarity of emeralds from different sources.
- Araldite 6010 prepolymer resin
- (Merck) Cedarwood oil
- Unhardened Opticon
- (Schroeder) Paraffin oil
- (Sigma) Canada balsam mixed with Cedarwood oil
- (NOA) Norland Optical Adhesive, type 65
- Surface-hardened Opticon 224 prepolymer resin
- Green Opticon
- Joban oil
- (Grooms) ExCel
- Gematrat
- Permasafe
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