Edward Gubelin and John Koivula are considered god fathers of inclusion studies + their views should be an inspiring note (s) for newcomers in the field of inclusions studies.
Edward Gubelin / John Koivula writes:
From the tiny grains of beach sand the pebbles under out feet…to the glittering gemstones found decorating museums worldwide…..they all have something in common. They have a story to tell. The story of earth formation.
Through the microscopes this story unfolds as the kaleidoscopic world of gemstone inclusions comes to life. Solid crystal inclusions, glowing under polarized light, blink and change color as their host is turned in the field of view. Trapped in voids of crystallization called negative crystals, gas bubbles, propelled by thermally generated convection currents, shrink, swell, and even disappear as they dance about in small volumes of liquid, millions or even billions of years old. These solid and fluid inclusions, together with such additional internal features as twinning, cleavage, fracture, zoned growth and strain, like the components of a complex puzzle, help inclusionists to piece together a gemstone’s life history.
The study of gemstone inclusions is a fascinating and highly educational tangent in the field of gemology. A great deal of information on the paragenetic birth of a host gem can be learned from a single microscopic inclusion. Often times, to a trained eye, an internal inclusion pattern will yield valuable information on the physical and chemical environment of the host at the time of its growth. This will lead in turn to a greater knowledge of that particular type of gemstone deposit, and other localities at which the host has been found. Information on gemstone environments gleaned from the study of inclusions may lead eventually to the discovery of new gem deposits.
In many cases, inclusions in certain gemstones from particular localities are characteristic for that gemstone and locality. Natural and synthetic stones can often be identified by their characteristic inclusions. Many possess inclusions common only to them. If these inclusions are recognized the gem can be identified and often times, if natural, even the locality may be determined.
Mineral formational sequences at a particular locality may also be learned from a study of the inclusions found in the gems from that locality. Thank to research work on crystal and fluid inclusions, one can for instance exactly identify the inner and outer generational paragenesis of quartz from alpine clefts, of emeralds of hydrothermal origin from Colombia, and of metamorphic rubies from Mogok in Burma.
Since the advent of synthetic materials in the gemstone market, inclusions have been playing a major role in the field of gemstone identification. This role is becoming increasingly important as new and better synthetics, simulants and treatments are discovered, commercially developed and placed on the market. However, in spite of their importance, many gemologists still consider inclusions as undesirable flaws, and do not recognize the true beauty of mineral inclusions or the important information they provide.
In the world of gemology, thousands of dollars may hand in the balance where the identity of an inclusion pattern as to natural or synthetic—or even as to its source—is the only deciding factor. A knowledge of inclusions is vital in the jewelry industry today.
The gemologists of the future will be greatly dependant on a very strong knowledge of inclusions. As the synthetic materials become more sophisticated, and the laboratories find that they can duplicate nature very closely, the microscope will become the gemologist’s first line of defence, and a sound working knowledge of the various types of inclusions in gems will be of utmost importance.
Saturday, June 23, 2007
Will Diamdel Become A Mini-Enron?
Chaim Even-Zohar writes about a potential Enron-type situations at Diamdel + behind the scene actors at De Beers + Mark Colao + revision of policy decisions at De Beers + other viewpoints @ http://www.idexonline.com/portal_FullEditorial.asp
Everything Is Miscellaneous
(via Emergic) Rajesh Jain writes:
Cory Doctorow wrote in a review of the book:
David Weinberger's "Everything is Miscellaneous" is the kind of book that binds together innumerable miscellaneous threads and makes something new, coherent, and incontrovertible out of them. Weinberger's thesis is this: historically, we've divided the world into categories, topics, and hierarchies because physical objects need to be in one place or another, they can't be in all the places they might belong. Computers and the Internet turn this on its head: because a computer can "put things" in as many categories as they need to be in, because individuals can classify knowledge, tasks, and objects idiosyncratically, the hierarchy is revealed for what it always was, a convenient expedient masquerading as the True Shape of the Universe.
It's a powerful idea: from org charts to science, from music to retail theory, from government to education, every field of human endeavor is tinged with hierarchy, and every hierarchy is under assault from the Internet. One impact of this change is that it reveals the biases lurking underneath the editorial carvery of our systems. From the Dewey Decimal system's laughable clunkers (mentalist bunkum gets its own category, but Islam has to share a decimal with a couple competing "Eastern" faiths) to the Britannica's paring away at "old" biographies to make way for the new, Weinberger makes a compelling case for a new kind of knowledge that more faithfully represents the messy, glorious hairball of the real world. ... Weinberger's conversational style, excellent examples, and extensive legwork (the places he visits and people he interviews can best be described as wonderfully miscellaneous) give this the hallmarks of an instant classic. And unlike many business/tech books, whose simple thesis could be stated in a single New Yorker article, but which are nevertheless expanded to book-length for commercial reasons, every chapter in Everything is Miscellaneous brings new insight to the subject. This is a hell of a book.
Here is an excerpt from the book's prologue:
-The alternative universe exists. Every day, more of our life is lived there. It’s called the digital world.
-Instead of atoms that take up room, it’s made of bits.
-Instead of making us walk long aisles, in the digital world everything is only a few clicks away.
-Instead of having to be the same way for all people, it can instantly rearrange itself for each person and each person’s current task.
-Instead of being limited by space and operational simplicity in the number of items it can stock, the digital world can include every item and variation the buyers at Staples could possibly want.
-Instead of items being placed in one area of the store, or occasionally in two, they can be classified in every different category in which users might conceivably expect to find them.
-Instead of living in the neat, ordered shelves we find in the Prototype Labs, items can be jumbled digitally and sorted out only when and how a user wants to look for them.
Those differences are significant. But they’re just the starting point. For something much larger is at stake than how we lay out our stores. The physical limitations that silently guide the organization of an office supply store also guide how we organize our businesses, our government, our schools. They have guided—and limited—how we organize knowledge itself.
From management structures to encyclopedias, to the courses of study we put our children through, to the way we decide what’s worth believing, we have organized our ideas with principles designed for use in a world limited by the laws of physics.
Suppose that now, for the first time in history, we are able to arrange our concepts without the silent limitations of the physical. How might our ideas, organizations, and knowledge itself change? ... As we invent new principles of organization that make sense in a world of knowledge freed from physical constraints, information doesn’t just want to be free. It wants to be miscellaneous.
I liked it.
Cory Doctorow wrote in a review of the book:
David Weinberger's "Everything is Miscellaneous" is the kind of book that binds together innumerable miscellaneous threads and makes something new, coherent, and incontrovertible out of them. Weinberger's thesis is this: historically, we've divided the world into categories, topics, and hierarchies because physical objects need to be in one place or another, they can't be in all the places they might belong. Computers and the Internet turn this on its head: because a computer can "put things" in as many categories as they need to be in, because individuals can classify knowledge, tasks, and objects idiosyncratically, the hierarchy is revealed for what it always was, a convenient expedient masquerading as the True Shape of the Universe.
It's a powerful idea: from org charts to science, from music to retail theory, from government to education, every field of human endeavor is tinged with hierarchy, and every hierarchy is under assault from the Internet. One impact of this change is that it reveals the biases lurking underneath the editorial carvery of our systems. From the Dewey Decimal system's laughable clunkers (mentalist bunkum gets its own category, but Islam has to share a decimal with a couple competing "Eastern" faiths) to the Britannica's paring away at "old" biographies to make way for the new, Weinberger makes a compelling case for a new kind of knowledge that more faithfully represents the messy, glorious hairball of the real world. ... Weinberger's conversational style, excellent examples, and extensive legwork (the places he visits and people he interviews can best be described as wonderfully miscellaneous) give this the hallmarks of an instant classic. And unlike many business/tech books, whose simple thesis could be stated in a single New Yorker article, but which are nevertheless expanded to book-length for commercial reasons, every chapter in Everything is Miscellaneous brings new insight to the subject. This is a hell of a book.
Here is an excerpt from the book's prologue:
-The alternative universe exists. Every day, more of our life is lived there. It’s called the digital world.
-Instead of atoms that take up room, it’s made of bits.
-Instead of making us walk long aisles, in the digital world everything is only a few clicks away.
-Instead of having to be the same way for all people, it can instantly rearrange itself for each person and each person’s current task.
-Instead of being limited by space and operational simplicity in the number of items it can stock, the digital world can include every item and variation the buyers at Staples could possibly want.
-Instead of items being placed in one area of the store, or occasionally in two, they can be classified in every different category in which users might conceivably expect to find them.
-Instead of living in the neat, ordered shelves we find in the Prototype Labs, items can be jumbled digitally and sorted out only when and how a user wants to look for them.
Those differences are significant. But they’re just the starting point. For something much larger is at stake than how we lay out our stores. The physical limitations that silently guide the organization of an office supply store also guide how we organize our businesses, our government, our schools. They have guided—and limited—how we organize knowledge itself.
From management structures to encyclopedias, to the courses of study we put our children through, to the way we decide what’s worth believing, we have organized our ideas with principles designed for use in a world limited by the laws of physics.
Suppose that now, for the first time in history, we are able to arrange our concepts without the silent limitations of the physical. How might our ideas, organizations, and knowledge itself change? ... As we invent new principles of organization that make sense in a world of knowledge freed from physical constraints, information doesn’t just want to be free. It wants to be miscellaneous.
I liked it.
Microscopic Art Fetches Millions
An inspiring story. I wish someone could do the same with gemstone inclusions.
Todd Jatras writes :
ABC News has a great video interview with British micro-artist Willard Wigan, who uses a high-powered microscope and claims he has to slow his heart down in order to work between beats, creating the world's smallest sculptures. Wigan uses tiny homemade tools and paints with “a hair plucked from a fly’s back.” Check out works of his such the eye-of-a-needle Wizard of Oz scene (pictured left), dolls the size of a human blood cell and Charlie Chaplin balanced on a human eyelash. Wigan turned to micro art as a young child humiliated at school because of learning disabilities and says that he still can’t read or write. A major collection of his work recently sold for $20 million.
More info @ http://blog.wired.com/underwire/2007/06/microscopic-art.html
Todd Jatras writes :
ABC News has a great video interview with British micro-artist Willard Wigan, who uses a high-powered microscope and claims he has to slow his heart down in order to work between beats, creating the world's smallest sculptures. Wigan uses tiny homemade tools and paints with “a hair plucked from a fly’s back.” Check out works of his such the eye-of-a-needle Wizard of Oz scene (pictured left), dolls the size of a human blood cell and Charlie Chaplin balanced on a human eyelash. Wigan turned to micro art as a young child humiliated at school because of learning disabilities and says that he still can’t read or write. A major collection of his work recently sold for $20 million.
More info @ http://blog.wired.com/underwire/2007/06/microscopic-art.html
Friday, June 22, 2007
Opal Star Triplet
Star opals also exist and are similar to the cat’s eye opals. This is not true asterism, but instead results from fault planes within the opal. Two kinds of stars are seen—three-rayed stars and six-pointed stars. The material is used in the making of triplets and comes from Idaho (USA).
U.S. Tax Officials: Biting Without Teeth...
Chaim Even-Zohar writes about diamond industry specific anti-money laundering and anti-terrorism financing legislation (AML/CFT) + the practical difficulties in the implementation + U.S government's lack of skills, manpower, expertise and the tools to audit the diamond and jewelry industry + other viewpoints @ http://www.idexonline.com/portal_FullEditorial.asp?TextSearch=&KeyMatch=0&id=27001
The Spot Method
For normal use with the refractometer, the stone being tested should have a well-polished flat facet. In 1948, Lester Brown developed a technique which enables the gemologist to make refractive index readings on cabochons or stones with extremely small facets, which up until that time was not possible. The technique is known as the spot method or distant vision technique and works as follows:
- Remove the eyepiece and use white light.
- Put a very small drop of liquid onto the center of the hemisphere. Very gently place the stone onto the drop and then examine the scale.
- If the drop outline covers more than two or three scale divisions it is too large and the reading will not be accurate. The size of the spot should be reduced by picking up the stone, wiping the liquid off the stone, and putting it back down on the remaining amount of liquid still on the hemisphere.
- When the spot is no longer than three scale divisions, the head should be moved up and down the scale. The spot will go from dark to light as you move your head down the scale. The point should be found where the spot appears exactly half light and half dark. This is where the reading is made.
- Sometimes the spot changes so quickly from dark to light that the half position can not be seen. If it is dark at 1.58 and light at 1.60, the refractive index can be estimated at about 1.59.
The readings obtained using the spot method may be unclear and hazy. This may be due to the stone being poorly polished. In order to insure that the reading will be as sharp and clear as possible, it is good idea to examine the stone carefully to find the smoothest and best polished area. Then, that area should be put in contact with the hemisphere instead of a dull or scratched area. This will make a big difference in the accuracy of the initial reading. The first thing to do is to remove some liquid to sharpen the division. If the reading is still unclear then a rough estimate must be made, keeping in mind that it will only be accurate to plus or minus a few scale divisions.
- Remove the eyepiece and use white light.
- Put a very small drop of liquid onto the center of the hemisphere. Very gently place the stone onto the drop and then examine the scale.
- If the drop outline covers more than two or three scale divisions it is too large and the reading will not be accurate. The size of the spot should be reduced by picking up the stone, wiping the liquid off the stone, and putting it back down on the remaining amount of liquid still on the hemisphere.
- When the spot is no longer than three scale divisions, the head should be moved up and down the scale. The spot will go from dark to light as you move your head down the scale. The point should be found where the spot appears exactly half light and half dark. This is where the reading is made.
- Sometimes the spot changes so quickly from dark to light that the half position can not be seen. If it is dark at 1.58 and light at 1.60, the refractive index can be estimated at about 1.59.
The readings obtained using the spot method may be unclear and hazy. This may be due to the stone being poorly polished. In order to insure that the reading will be as sharp and clear as possible, it is good idea to examine the stone carefully to find the smoothest and best polished area. Then, that area should be put in contact with the hemisphere instead of a dull or scratched area. This will make a big difference in the accuracy of the initial reading. The first thing to do is to remove some liquid to sharpen the division. If the reading is still unclear then a rough estimate must be made, keeping in mind that it will only be accurate to plus or minus a few scale divisions.
Everything Is Miscellaneous
This concept may work wonders in the gem and jewelry industry if executed appropriately.
(via Emergic) Rajesh Jain writes:
I have followed David Weinberger's blog for a long time. So, it was natural to want to read his new book “Everything is Miscellaneous: The Power of the New Digital Disorder.” David's two previous books include “The Cluetrain Manifesto” (as co-author) and “Small Pieces Loosely Joined.”
From the book's inside flap:
Human beings are information omnivores: we are constantly collecting, labeling, and organizing data. But today, the shift from the physical to the digital is mixing, burning, and ripping our lives apart. In the past, everything had its one place--the physical world demanded it--but now everything has its places: multiple categories, multiple shelves. Simply put, everything is suddenly miscellaneous.
In Everything Is Miscellaneous, David Weinberger charts the new principles of digital order that are remaking business, education, politics, science, and culture. In his rollicking tour of the rise of the miscellaneous, he examines why the Dewey decimal system is stretched to the breaking point, how Rand McNally decides what information not to include in a physical map (and why Google Earth is winning that battle), how Staples stores emulate online shopping to increase sales, why your children’s teachers will stop having them memorize facts, and how the shift to digital music stands as the model for the future in virtually every industry. Finally, he shows how by "going miscellaneous," anyone can reap rewards from the deluge of information in modern work and life.
From A to Z, Everything Is Miscellaneous will completely reshape the way you think--and what you know--about the world.
This is what David wrote in an essay on Amazon:
As businesses go miscellaneous, information gets chopped into smaller and smaller pieces. But it also escapes its leash--adding to a pile that can be sorted and arranged by anyone with a Web browser and a Net connection. In fact, information exhibits bird-like "flocking behavior," joining with other information that adds value to it, creating swarms that help customers and, ultimately, the businesses from which the information initially escaped.
For example, Wize.com is a customer review site founded in 2005 by entrepreneur Doug Baker. The site provides reviews for everything from computers and MP3 players to coffee makers and baby strollers. But why do we need another place for reviews? If you’re using the Web to research what digital camera to buy for your father-in-law, you probably feel there are far too many sites out there already. By the time you have scrolled through one store’s customer reviews for each candidate camera and then cross-referenced the positive and the negative with the expert reviews at each of your bookmarked consumer magazines, you have to start the process again just to remember what people said. Wize in fact aims at exactly that problem. It pulls together reviews from many outside sources and aggregates them into three piles: user reviews, expert reviews (with links to the online publications), and the general "buzz." (For shoppers looking for a quick read on a product, Wize assigns an overall ranking.) When Wize reports that 97 percent of users love the Nikon D200 camera, it includes links to the online stores where the user reviews are posted, so customers are driven back to the businesses to spend their money.
Wize...[makes] money by selling advertising, but their value is in the way their sites aggregate the miscellaneous--letting lots of independent sources flock together, all in one place. We’re seeing the same trend in industry after industry, including music, travel, and the news media. Information gets released into the wild (sometimes against a company’s will), where it joins up with other information, and the act of aggregating adds value. Companies lose some control, but they gain market presence and smarter customers. The companies that are succeeding in the new digital skies are the ones that allow their customers to add their own information and the aggregators to mix it up, because whether or not information wants to be free, it sure wants to flock.
(via Emergic) Rajesh Jain writes:
I have followed David Weinberger's blog for a long time. So, it was natural to want to read his new book “Everything is Miscellaneous: The Power of the New Digital Disorder.” David's two previous books include “The Cluetrain Manifesto” (as co-author) and “Small Pieces Loosely Joined.”
From the book's inside flap:
Human beings are information omnivores: we are constantly collecting, labeling, and organizing data. But today, the shift from the physical to the digital is mixing, burning, and ripping our lives apart. In the past, everything had its one place--the physical world demanded it--but now everything has its places: multiple categories, multiple shelves. Simply put, everything is suddenly miscellaneous.
In Everything Is Miscellaneous, David Weinberger charts the new principles of digital order that are remaking business, education, politics, science, and culture. In his rollicking tour of the rise of the miscellaneous, he examines why the Dewey decimal system is stretched to the breaking point, how Rand McNally decides what information not to include in a physical map (and why Google Earth is winning that battle), how Staples stores emulate online shopping to increase sales, why your children’s teachers will stop having them memorize facts, and how the shift to digital music stands as the model for the future in virtually every industry. Finally, he shows how by "going miscellaneous," anyone can reap rewards from the deluge of information in modern work and life.
From A to Z, Everything Is Miscellaneous will completely reshape the way you think--and what you know--about the world.
This is what David wrote in an essay on Amazon:
As businesses go miscellaneous, information gets chopped into smaller and smaller pieces. But it also escapes its leash--adding to a pile that can be sorted and arranged by anyone with a Web browser and a Net connection. In fact, information exhibits bird-like "flocking behavior," joining with other information that adds value to it, creating swarms that help customers and, ultimately, the businesses from which the information initially escaped.
For example, Wize.com is a customer review site founded in 2005 by entrepreneur Doug Baker. The site provides reviews for everything from computers and MP3 players to coffee makers and baby strollers. But why do we need another place for reviews? If you’re using the Web to research what digital camera to buy for your father-in-law, you probably feel there are far too many sites out there already. By the time you have scrolled through one store’s customer reviews for each candidate camera and then cross-referenced the positive and the negative with the expert reviews at each of your bookmarked consumer magazines, you have to start the process again just to remember what people said. Wize in fact aims at exactly that problem. It pulls together reviews from many outside sources and aggregates them into three piles: user reviews, expert reviews (with links to the online publications), and the general "buzz." (For shoppers looking for a quick read on a product, Wize assigns an overall ranking.) When Wize reports that 97 percent of users love the Nikon D200 camera, it includes links to the online stores where the user reviews are posted, so customers are driven back to the businesses to spend their money.
Wize...[makes] money by selling advertising, but their value is in the way their sites aggregate the miscellaneous--letting lots of independent sources flock together, all in one place. We’re seeing the same trend in industry after industry, including music, travel, and the news media. Information gets released into the wild (sometimes against a company’s will), where it joins up with other information, and the act of aggregating adds value. Companies lose some control, but they gain market presence and smarter customers. The companies that are succeeding in the new digital skies are the ones that allow their customers to add their own information and the aggregators to mix it up, because whether or not information wants to be free, it sure wants to flock.
Subscribe to:
Comments (Atom)